內窺鏡按外觀總分為 2 大類 ：

　　Endoscopes are divided into two categories based on their appearance:

　　硬鏡，一般使用在外科領域，插入管大多由不銹鋼材料組成，也有前部可彎曲的硬鏡，包括腹腔鏡、鼻竇鏡，前列腺電切鏡、輸尿管鏡及宮腔鏡等 ；

　　Hard endoscopes are generally used in the field of surgery, with insertion tubes mostly made of stainless steel materials. There are also hard endoscopes with a flexible front, including laparoscopy, sinus endoscopy, prostatectomy, ureteroscopy, and hysteroscopy;

　　軟鏡，內科領域比較多見，如腸胃鏡、十二指腸鏡、喉鏡、氣管鏡、插管鏡及輸尿管腎盂鏡等。

　　Soft endoscopes are commonly seen in the field of internal medicine, such as colonoscopy, duodenoscopy, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, intubation endoscopy, and ureteropyeloscopy.

　　按結構和成像原理可分為纖維鏡，其是利用光學纖維全反射導光與傳導圖像 ；電子鏡，其在纖維鏡基礎上將傳導圖像的光導纖維改為了固體攝像元件（CCD）；光學視管，利用柱狀透鏡進行圖像傳導 ；比較特別的內鏡膠囊胃鏡，其體積很小，無線傳輸圖像，猶如一顆藥丸 ；超聲內鏡，其在內鏡頭部集成了超聲探頭。

　　According to its structure and imaging principle, it can be divided into fiber mirrors, which use optical fibers to guide light and transmit images through total reflection; Electronic mirror, which replaces the optical fiber that transmits images with a solid-state imaging device (CCD) based on fiber optic mirror; Optical tube, utilizing cylindrical lenses for image transmission; A relatively special endoscopic capsule gastroscope, with a small volume and wireless transmission of images, like a pill; Endoscopic ultrasound, which integrates an ultrasound probe at the endoscope head.

　　內鏡的故障分析及維修

　　Analysis and Maintenance of Endoscopic Malfunctions

　　1. 冷光源燈泡不亮，但供電正常

　　1. The cold light bulb does not light up, but the power supply is normal

　　金屬鹵素燈，一般壽命為 50h，但有種比較特別的“花生豆狀”燈泡可達 500h。氙氣燈泡，一般壽命為 500h。冷光源面板有燈泡壽命顯示，首先確認燈泡是否完好，內部是否發黑，燈絲是否燒溶。如果燈泡完好，氙氣燈需要對供電模塊進行監測。鹵素燈可以直接用萬用表測量取燈座的電壓，如果有正常電壓，極有可能為燈座氧化或燈腳氧化引起的接觸不良。如果冷光源有雙鹵素燈，需要檢測微動開關是否正常。

　　Metal halide lamps typically have a lifespan of 50 hours, but there is a unique "peanut shaped" bulb that can last up to 500 hours. Xenon bulbs typically have a lifespan of 500 hours. The cold light source panel has a bulb life display. First, confirm whether the bulb is intact, whether the interior is blackened, and whether the filament is melted. If the light bulb is intact, the xenon lamp needs to monitor the power supply module. Halogen lamps can be directly measured with a multimeter to obtain the voltage of the lamp holder. If there is a normal voltage, it is highly likely that poor contact is caused by oxidation of the lamp holder or lamp pins. If the cold light source has a dual halogen lamp, it is necessary to check whether the micro switch is normal.

　　2.監視器無圖像顯示

　　2. The monitor has no image display

　　要確保圖像主機和顯示器都已經接好電源，圖像主機和顯示器的電源開關指示燈是否亮，如果不亮，需要檢查保險和供電，檢查圖像主機和顯示器之間的連線，IN 和OUT 接口是否連接。如果顯示器有一個多視頻信號源選擇器，則選擇適當的視頻信號。檢查顯示器相應的設置參數，把亮度、顏色、對比度置于缺省值，要確保攝像頭的連接電纜固定在圖像主機上。更換圖像主機和顯示器之間的視頻電纜，排除電纜損壞的可能性。

　　To ensure that both the image host and monitor have been powered on, check if the power switch indicator lights of the image host and monitor are on. If they are not on, check the fuse and power supply, check the wiring between the image host and monitor, and ensure that the IN and OUT interfaces are connected. If the monitor has a multi video signal source selector, select the appropriate video signal. Check the corresponding settings parameters of the monitor, set the brightness, color, and contrast to default values, and ensure that the camera's connection cable is fixed to the image host. Replace the video cable between the image host and monitor to eliminate the possibility of cable damage.

　　3. 圖像顏色不正確

　　3. Incorrect image color

　　圖像顏色不正確就需要 WB 重新校正。首先確認 RGB或 YPbPr 接口沒有連接錯誤，顯示器設置參數確認，主機參數確認，選擇其他視頻通道進行測試，進行 COLOR BAR測試。查看設置菜單的字體和顏色是否正常，如果正常，但內鏡圖像不正常，基本屬于內鏡或攝像頭故障。

　　If the image color is incorrect, WB needs to be recalibrated. Firstly, confirm that there are no connection errors with the RGB or YPbPr interfaces, confirm the display settings parameters, confirm the host parameters, select another video channel for testing, and perform COLOR BAR testing. Check if the font and color of the settings menu are normal. If they are, but the endoscopic image is abnormal, it is basically a malfunction of the endoscope or camera.

　　圖像有干擾

　　Image interference

　　出現干擾應檢查使用高頻、強電的接地是否有問題，外接設備信號線是否有問題。

　　When interference occurs, check whether there is a problem with the grounding of high-frequency and strong electricity, and whether there is a problem with the signal lines of external equipment.

　　內鏡的檢修注意事項與方法

　　Precautions and methods for endoscopic maintenance

　　1. 檢測軟鏡的方法

　　1. Method for detecting soft mirrors

　　（1）外觀是否正常。

　　(1) Is the appearance normal.

　　（2）對于軟性內鏡，首先必須要做的過程是漏水測試。

　　(2) For soft endoscopes, the first necessary process is a leak test.

　　（3） 發現漏水，要進行判斷水侵入的程度及其部位。

　　(3) If water leakage is found, it is necessary to determine the degree and location of water intrusion.

　　（4）如果沒有漏水，但有圖像模糊、電子按鈕失靈等故障，需要進行簡單拆卸進行觀察，使用冷熱水測試圖像的模糊程度。

　　(4) If there is no water leakage, but there are faults such as blurred images and malfunctioning electronic buttons, simple disassembly is needed for observation, and the degree of image blur should be tested using hot and cold water.

　　（5）檢查內鏡的各部位功能是否正常。

　　(5) Check if all parts of the endoscope are functioning properly.

　　（6）必須要確認圖像是否正常。

　　(6) It is necessary to confirm whether the image is normal.

　　（7）如果發生漏水，并在內鏡內發現有明顯的水汽時，則必須進行干燥處理后，再做判斷。

　　(7) If there is water leakage and obvious water vapor is found inside the endoscope, it must be dried before making a judgment.

　　2. 檢測硬鏡的方法

　　2. Methods for detecting hard mirrors

　　（1）確認圖像是否正常，可使用放大鏡進行由近到遠逐步觀察各組柱狀透鏡的情況。

　　(1) To confirm if the image is normal, a magnifying glass can be used to gradually observe the condition of each group of cylindrical lenses from near to far.

　　（2）檢查外觀是否正常。

　　(2) Check if the appearance is normal.

　　（3）觀察導光束是否正常。

　　(3) Observe whether the light guide beam is normal.

　　（4）觀察導光束接口，目鏡接口是否正常。

　　(4) Observe whether the light guide interface and eyepiece interface are normal.

　　（5）如有條件可以使用負壓測漏。

　　(5) If possible, negative pressure leakage testing can be used.

　　（6）必須鏈接導光束和攝像頭觀察圖像。

　　(6) It is necessary to link the light guide beam and the camera to observe the image.

　　本文由內窺鏡設備維修  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.eixks.cn   真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the maintenance of endoscopic equipment. For more related knowledge, please click http://www.eixks.cn Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned