常見故障及原因

Common faults and causes

圖像問題

Image issues

圖像模糊：可能是鏡頭污染，如附著有灰塵、污漬、血液等；也可能是光學系統損壞，像物鏡、目鏡等部件出現磨損、移位或損壞；還可能是 CCD/CMOS 圖像傳感器故障，例如老化、損壞或連接不良。

Image blur: It may be due to lens contamination, such as dust, stains, blood, etc; It may also be due to damage to the optical system, such as wear, displacement, or damage to components such as the objective lens and eyepiece; It may also be a malfunction of the CCD/CMOS image sensor, such as aging, damage, or poor connection.

圖像有黑斑或暗角：通常是光源問題，如燈泡老化、損壞，導致光照不均勻；或者是導光纖維斷裂、損壞，影響光線傳輸；也可能是鏡頭內部有雜物遮擋。

Images with black spots or dark corners: usually caused by light source issues, such as aging or damaged light bulbs, resulting in uneven lighting; Or the light guiding fiber may break or be damaged, affecting the transmission of light; It could also be due to debris blocking the inside of the lens.

圖像閃爍或不穩定：可能是電源供應不穩定，如電源適配器故障、電池電量不足或接觸不良；或者是圖像傳感器的連接線松動、接觸不良；還可能是電子控制板出現故障，導致信號處理不穩定。

Image flickering or instability: It may be due to unstable power supply, such as power adapter failure, low battery level, or poor contact; Or the connection wire of the image sensor may be loose or have poor contact; It is also possible that the electronic control board has malfunctioned, causing unstable signal processing.

機械故障

mechanical failure

插入管彎曲或扭曲：多是由于使用過程中操作不當，如過度彎曲、受到外力擠壓或碰撞；長期使用后插入管的材質老化、疲勞也可能導致這種情況。

Bending or twisting of insertion tube: often due to improper operation during use, such as excessive bending, external compression or collision; The aging and fatigue of the material of the inserted tube after long-term use may also lead to this situation.

活檢鉗管道堵塞：常因活檢過程中組織碎片、血液等異物進入管道，未及時清理而堆積堵塞；或者是管道內壁磨損、變形，導致異物容易殘留。

Biopsy forceps tube blockage: Often caused by foreign objects such as tissue fragments and blood entering the tube during the biopsy process, which are not cleaned in time and accumulate and block; Or the wear and deformation of the inner wall of the pipeline may lead to the easy retention of foreign objects.

旋鈕操作不靈活：可能是旋鈕內部的機械結構磨損、生銹；或者有雜物進入旋鈕縫隙，阻礙了正常轉動；也可能是連接旋鈕與內部部件的傳動裝置出現故障。

The knob operation is not flexible: it may be due to wear and rust of the mechanical structure inside the knob; Or there may be debris entering the gap of the knob, hindering normal rotation; It is also possible that the transmission device connecting the knob and internal components has malfunctioned.

電氣故障

Electrical malfunction

設備無法開機：可能是電源開關損壞；或者是保險絲熔斷，通常是由于電路短路、過載等原因引起；也可能是主板故障，如主板上的元件損壞、電路斷路等。

The device cannot be turned on: it may be due to a damaged power switch; Or a blown fuse, usually caused by short circuits, overloads, or other reasons in the circuit; It could also be a motherboard malfunction, such as damaged components or open circuits on the motherboard.

部分功能失靈：比如燈光調節功能失效，可能是燈光控制電路故障；圖像凍結功能異常，可能是相關的控制芯片或電路出現問題。這一般是由于電子元件老化、損壞，或者電路連接不良導致。

Partial functional failure: For example, if the light adjustment function fails, it may be due to a malfunction in the light control circuit; The image freezing function is abnormal, which may be due to a problem with the related control chip or circuit. This is usually caused by aging, damage to electronic components, or poor circuit connections.

維修方法和注意事項

Maintenance methods and precautions

清潔與保養

Cleaning and maintenance

定期清潔：每次使用后，應及時對內窺鏡進行清潔。用柔軟的濕布擦拭插入管、操作部等外部表面，去除污垢和血跡。對于鏡頭，使用專用的鏡頭清潔液和鏡頭紙輕輕擦拭，注意要順著一個方向擦拭，避免刮傷鏡頭。

Regular cleaning: The endoscope should be cleaned promptly after each use. Wipe the external surfaces of the insertion tube, operating part, etc. with a soft damp cloth to remove dirt and blood stains. For the lens, use specialized lens cleaning solution and lens paper to gently wipe it in one direction to avoid scratching the lens.

管道清洗：對于活檢鉗管道等內部通道，使用專用的清洗刷和清洗液進行沖洗，確保管道內無異物殘留。清洗后，用壓縮空氣將管道吹干，防止水分殘留導致細菌滋生和管道腐蝕。

Pipeline cleaning: For internal channels such as biopsy forceps, use specialized cleaning brushes and cleaning solutions to flush them to ensure that there are no foreign objects remaining in the pipeline. After cleaning, dry the pipeline with compressed air to prevent bacterial growth and pipeline corrosion caused by residual moisture.

存放環境：內窺鏡應存放在干燥、通風良好的專用存放柜中，避免陽光直射和潮濕環境。存放時，應將插入管自然放置，避免過度彎曲和擠壓。

Storage environment: Endoscopes should be stored in a dry, well ventilated dedicated storage cabinet, away from direct sunlight and humid environments. When storing, the insertion tube should be placed naturally to avoid excessive bending and compression.

零部件更換

Component replacement

確認故障部件：在更換零部件前，需要通過詳細的檢查和測試，準確判斷出故障部件。可以參考設備的維修手冊，利用專業的檢測工具，如萬用表、示波器等，對電路和部件進行檢測。

Confirm the faulty component: Before replacing the component, it is necessary to conduct detailed inspection and testing to accurately identify the faulty component. You can refer to the equipment maintenance manual and use professional testing tools such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, etc. to inspect circuits and components.

選擇合適的零部件：更換的零部件應與原設備的型號和規格匹配。盡量選擇原廠正品零部件，以確保設備的性能和質量。如果使用非原廠零部件，要注意其質量和兼容性，避免對設備造成進一步損壞。

Choose appropriate components: The replaced components should match the model and specifications of the original equipment. Try to choose genuine parts from the original factory to ensure the performance and quality of the equipment. If non original parts are used, attention should be paid to their quality and compatibility to avoid further damage to the equipment.

更換操作：在更換零部件時，要嚴格按照維修手冊的步驟進行操作。操作過程中，要注意靜電防護，避免靜電對電子元件造成損壞。更換完成后，要進行測試和校準，確保設備恢復正常運行。

Replacement operation: When replacing parts, strictly follow the steps in the maintenance manual. During the operation, attention should be paid to electrostatic protection to avoid damage to electronic components caused by static electricity. After the replacement is completed, testing and calibration should be carried out to ensure that the equipment returns to normal operation.

校準與調試

Calibration and Debugging

圖像校準：更換圖像傳感器或光學部件后，需要進行圖像校準。通過專業的校準設備和軟件，調整圖像的清晰度、色彩、對比度等參數，使圖像達到最佳效果。

Image calibration: After replacing the image sensor or optical components, image calibration is required. By using professional calibration equipment and software, adjust the clarity, color, contrast and other parameters of the image to achieve the best effect.

機械校準：對于插入管的彎曲度、旋鈕的操作精度等機械部分，也需要進行校準。使用專用的校準工具，調整機械部件的位置和參數，確保其操作靈活、準確。

Mechanical calibration: Calibration is also required for mechanical parts such as the bending degree of the insertion tube and the precision of the knob operation. Use specialized calibration tools to adjust the position and parameters of mechanical components, ensuring their flexible and accurate operation.

電氣調試：在維修電氣故障后，要對設備的電氣性能進行調試。檢查電源電壓是否穩定，各功能電路的工作是否正常，信號傳輸是否順暢等。

Electrical debugging: After repairing electrical faults, the electrical performance of the equipment should be debugged. Check if the power supply voltage is stable, if all functional circuits are working properly, and if signal transmission is smooth.

內窺鏡設備維修需要專業的知識和技能，維修人員應具備相關的培訓和經驗。在維修過程中，要嚴格遵守操作規程和安全規范，確保維修工作的質量和安全。

The maintenance of endoscopic equipment requires professional knowledge and skills, and maintenance personnel should have relevant training and experience. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures and safety regulations to ensure the quality and safety of the maintenance work.